After the Iran/US truce, Trump put a blockade on vessels going to Iran for oil. This resulted in Iran not opening the Strait of Hormuz as they had originally intended.
At first the blockade was not very effective, but it appears to have tightened and is now stopping most oil export from Iran. It appears that it will take over 2 months for oil storage to fill up.
There are two suppositions here, on the US part:
1) Iran needs the money;
2) Iran can’t shut down oil production without harming its oil fields in the long run.
Iran does, of course, need the money, but it isn’t completely reliant on shipping oil for income and it seems likely it can get enough to keep the key parts of the government and the military running.
This analysis suggests that the U.S. blockade of Iran’s oil exports will not cause catastrophic, or even very serious, damage to its upstream oil industry. If and when the blockade is relaxed, Iran will probably be able to resume production promptly at about 70 percent and regain most of its pre-war capacity within a few months.
It’s also worth noting that Iran does have a military option. While the US blockade is widespread, for it to be effective some ships have to be in range of Iran’s missiles and drones. It wouldn’t be all that hard to deplete the on-ship stocks of missile interceptors and force a withdrawal, and it’s quite possible Iran could sink some ships if they attacked with enough drones and missiles to overwhelm defenses.
Iran has, historically, been unwilling to start hostilities. It has always absorbed the first hit. Will it continue to do so? Is it willing to end the cease-fire? The new leader is far more hawkish than the old one, and while Iran still has “moderates” in some positions of power, hard liners are far more powerful than they were under the previous supreme leader.
What we have is an endurance race. Can the US withstand high priced oil longer than Iran can survive without significant oil exports?
If Iran breaks first, the question is whether it will offer the US a better peace deal, or if it will go back to the military option.
Under the old leadership the smart bet would have been concessions. Under the new leadership? I don’t know. If it were my decision, I’d go kinetic. There’s no deal Trump is willing to give while he thinks he’s winning that will not cripple Iran in the long run.
For Iran to win, Trump has to believe America has lost. And right now he thinks America is winning.
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edwin
I don’t know enough about the rail link – but that may also be an option for Iran.
Mark Pontin
Ian W: ‘Can the US withstand high priced oil longer than Iran can survive without significant oil exports?’
[1] There’s this thing called the Caspian Sea, the world’s largest inland body of water —
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_Sea
Look at all the countries having coastlines on it, beside Russia and Iran. Not one real US ally or vassal there —
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_Sea#/media/File:CaspianSeaDrainage_v1.png
[2] There’s historical precedent in living memory (just) for turning the Caspian Sea into a giant channel for wartime resource transport: the Persian Corridor, to create which the UK and USSR, as WW2 allies, took over Iran. Note the photos of train and truck convoys, and the Indian Army soldiers with Brit officers —
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Corridor
‘…in June 1941 … Britain and the Soviet Union saw the newly opened Trans-Iranian Railway as an attractive route to transport supplies from the Persian Gulf to the Soviet Union … In August 1941, because Reza Shah refused to expel all German nationals and come down clearly on the Allied side, Britain and the Soviet Union invaded Iran, arrested the monarch, sent him into exile to South Africa and took control of Iran’s communications and the coveted railway.
‘In 1942 the U.S., now an ally of Britain and the Soviet Union in World War II, sent a military force to Iran …. The British and Soviet authorities allowed Reza Shah’s system of government to collapse and limited the constitutional government interfaces. They installed Reza Shah’s son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, onto the Iranian/Persian throne….’
[3] As for the US blockade in 2026, it’s 12+ vessels far from the US with support from US military ports and bases in the region substantially reduced, as compared with a real blockade like the US blockade of Cuba in 1963 which employed 180 odd vessels in the US backyard. By general consensus, a minimum of 34 tankers have gotten by the US interdiction. Then, what’s the US going to do if a Chinese or Russian tanker rocks on up, accompanied by warships and aircraft? For that matter, if Iran or others were seriously intent on going kinetic, 12+ vessels can be sunk in one or two days.
[4] HOWEVER, as you say, the US can’t just give up and go home. It’s not just Trump; simply the Iranians pulling this off and taking tolls on tankers in yuan is a big chunk taken out of US dollar dominance going forward. Right now, the dollar’s share of global forex reserves has fallen to 56.77% (and yes, the dollar is getting a slight rush-for-safety bump for now) and it can only get worse. After all —
-$39 trillion in total debt
-$9–10 trillion rolling over every single year, so the government is perpetually at the mercy of bond market sentiment
-The dollar has depreciated~40% in just 20 years.
That last is important. In the long term, if the dollar’s a depreciating asset, the only reason to hold it or do dollar-denominated money creation given that drawback has been the immense size of the dollar capital markets, reliability and ease of exchange mechanisms, blah,blah, blah. The dollar gets down to a share of global forex transactions closer to 40%, and it’s f**cked.
The reality is that this isn’t the US’s Suez Crisis, it’s worse. In many ways, the UK was in better shape after Suez in 1957 — it still had a relatively strong industrial economy then, lots else going for it — that the US, which is hollowed-out, does not in 2026.
Jefferson Hamilton
Once the psychos decided to target them, there was no possibility of a happy ending for Iran. The only question has ever been whether they have the guts to take us down with them, via absolutely wrecking the oil infrastructure in the middle east. It sure looks like their “allies” can’t really be relied on to do anything substantive, and nothing the US tells them can ever be trusted. Do they understand this? Maybe the hard liners do, and they’re just waiting for the softies to lose hope before pressing the button. Otherwise, they are simply toast, sooner or later. I don’t like quoting fiction for political commentary, but the Dune quote that, “the power to destroy a thing is the absolute control over it,” is apposite here. However you have to not only possess that power but also the will to use it. The US clearly doesn’t think Iran does, and probably nothing will convince them but the thing itself.
KT Chong
IMO, a real reason for Trump’s blockade of the blockade is to prevent/stop other countries from going behind America’s back to cut a deal with Iran for safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz; i.e., cut a deal to pay the Iranian toll and, more crucially, pay for oil cargo and passage in Chinese yuan = to de-dollarize.
Effectively, Trump is using the blockade to protect and enforce the dollar primacy
In addition to defending the petrodollar, Trump probably also hopes that his prolonged blockade and energy crisis will eventually coerce other countries into sending their navies — maybe via a multinational naval coalition — to “help” the US to reopen the strait of Hormuz from Iran’s blockade. He is coercing other countries to send military to fix the mess he and he alone has created. However IMO, that is wishful thinking.
Feral Finster
@Jefferson Hamilton:
““the power to destroy a thing is the absolute control over it,” is apposite here. However you have to not only possess that power but also the will to use it. The US clearly doesn’t think Iran does, and probably nothing will convince them but the thing itself.”
As long as the elites in the West will continue to feast on steak and The Epstein Files stay secret, why should western elites care?
mago
I appreciate restraint in the face of aggression and doing that Aikido thing of using your opponent’s moves to bring him down, but from my far removed and uninformed perspective I’d say fuck it Iran. Cripple ships, bomb critical infrastructure, kick ass and take no prisoners and give no warning. They’re going to do the same to you. Hit them with your best shot while you are able.
Yeah, I know I know. Just adding my blather to the babble.
Mark Level
I can only see the first 3 comments, but they all see things I was going to note, beat me to it–
To Edwin, yes, here’s the thing if you just look at a map of Iran. Iran is massive and if we include Oman across the Strait, has borders with 8 countries. Most are friendly or not hostile, there are exceptions obviously though. I don’t know their position viz Afghanistan but they are bigger, richer and more powerful than the Afghans who suffered 2 decades of US & “Coalition” Euro-Slug occupation, killings during home raids, etc. Now Turkiye to the NW is obviously nearly as perfidious as Albion, Erdogan is a notorious scumbag but I don’t think there’s open hostility with them. I have heard Azerbaijan is friendly to both them & Russia, it’s small and freight can go both ways thru there.
And as Mark Pontin notes, don’t discount the importance of the Caspian in the region. In fact when I was reading Hopkirk’s magesterial The Great Game (LAS could not even pick up that book, it would burn his fingers, the Russians are acknowledged to be human), the Russian threats to countries to the East and to the South persisted for centuries. Thus there was lots of back and forth with Iran, sometimes an ally sometimes an enemy.
So even if Trump’s blockade of a blockade, “I know you won, but so did I”, could partially succeed, they have multiple ways out for petroleum, helium, etc., whatever the Asian Allies need against the Axis of Evil of the West.
Also I saw on Naked Capitalism or more likely moonofalabama, yes, that UAE had buggered OUT of OPEC, thinks they can cash in their remaining oil quickly at their own prices and all the Princelings will fly out with the millions, leave the foreign workers and serfs to die in the heat with no energy for AC, cooking, etc!! Another one bites the dust!!
As to Jeff Hamilton’s point, agreed. One side has material advantages that are giant, the other has an outdated and overspread military with poor morale from long postings and shitty food in an impossible mission. Material advantages will win, I don’t think they will flinch at this point.
US doesn’t know what the fuck to do; whatever they do, it will not succeed. Narrative, Arrogance, Zionist Ideology (they used to know something about establishing “facts on the ground”, no longer evidently) don’t create Material Victories. As many have pointed out, US never had any Strategy beyond Obey Our Master Bibi, and the only tactics are “Bomb the Shit Out of the Brown People and they will Grovel and We Can Annihilate Them All!!”
US ships still need to stay far away from the Strait, they don’t want another “Laundry Fire,” aka Missile Strike like the Jerry Ford. And how can stealing ships be economical when they’re burning thru a billion $$$ daily + playing Pirates of the Persian Gulf?
The Mad King is destroying Europe and most of the Global South. There will be starvation, refugees etc. after 2 more months of this madness, at best!! And a recovery, per Michael Hudson, Col. McGregor, etc. will take years, 10 or more globally.
USrael will both be Pariah States internationally. Trump is the World’s “Disaster Girl” meme from years back, but nowhere near as cute.
https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2016/07/116732/who-is-disaster-girl-meme
DanFmTo
Lots of analysis on oil, not enough on food. Iran needs to import millions of tonnes of food annually, which they relied on their Gulf coast main port to import from Russia. Even if the ships can get past the US blockade, their insurers won’t cover going to Iranian ports under the blockade. So oil ships may be getting out, but if food shipments aren’t getting in this is a growing problem for Iran.
I’m sure they can import some via rail and the caspian, but from I read they can’t match the volume at Bandar Abbas (Caspian is too shallow for the bulk carriers?).
Food riots would bring down the country very quickly. If Iran does resort to attacking the US navy first, I think this might be why.
mago
I once knew a woman who lived in a kibbutz and she said to me, they should spike the water with LSD and everyone could live peacefully.
Yeah, well. Go ask Alice. Or the Dulles brothers.
I have to laugh.
Driving down highway 101 my hitchhiker hippie travelers pointed out Lompoc prison where Leary lived on corn nuts and the good graces of whatever or whomever.
Richard Alpert. Ram Dass. The be here now daddy. Leary’s sidekick. Encountered him in his wheelchair days. And I can only say apropos of nothing
Hope it never goes that way again.
bruce wilder
Persian Gulf National Day (Persian: روز ملی خلیج فارس) is an official holiday in Iran observed on the 10th day of Ordibehesht, the second month in the Iranian calendar. This usually coincides with 29 or 30 April of the Gregorian calendar. The date commemorates the Anglo-Persian capture of Ormuz in 1622, which drove Portuguese colonial forces out of the Strait of Hormuz. – Wikipedia
Those were the days, my friends, we thought they’d never end!
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All this talk of a possible deal. I thought we already learned, we already know, there can never be any deal with Trump, let alone America. Trump, and America, do not honor deals. If Iran were to “deal”, it is in effect Iran surrendering and crying uncle as Trump says. Iran is as much caught in the escalation trap as America. Iran’s only option is to force America to withdraw militarily from the Persian Gulf region and that includes shuttering all military bases. The better question here is, can Iran do that? If not, Iran has already lost. So, once again, let’s get real. There will never be any legitimate deal.
Meanwhile, Trump spends an inordinate amount of time on the phone with Putin yesterday and it’s not reported to the press and even when it’s leaked by Russia that he did, the press is not interested, so inured they are to Trump’s egregious treason. Maybe Krasnov and Hegseth were giving Putin all the details related to the next round of hostilities on Iran so Iran can maximize damage to America’s military.
In the meantime, America’s Navy has been to reduced to piracy. They should change their garb and start wearing eye patches and bandanas on their heads versus the yarmulkes and start imbibing copious amounts of Rum and ejaculating “arr, me heaties” in a drunken stupor all the live long day.
Mark Level
To DanFm, I really doubt the Iranians will starve, see my comment above, there are plenty of land routes to get things in. Though Pakistan is nominally a US Ally, they have a huge border with Iran and I think as the truth emerges, despite being a sleazy Military Junta, they will admit the obvious and break with the US. I expect importing food (hopefully not opiates, not needed now, that’s more a CIA thing) from Afghanistan is viable, and others. Neve underestimate a nearly 7 Millenia old civilization. (Pretty sure China is the oldest continuous, the “Euphratean” civilization is 2nd, Iran 3rd.)
2 very good comments from mago. Yes, going high while the US goes low may not be best. (To quote a lie from Michelle Obama.) Never met Leary, he was brilliant for awhile but you have to be careful when working with those Plant Allies, as Dale Pendell taught me. You work in partnership with the Plant Power, it’s collaborative (see Philip K. Dick’s writing), sometimes it has the steering wheel, other times you take the steering whell, collaboration must be open and respectful. If not, delusion, addiction, spiritual death and not growth result. Caveat!!
I will share the very first celebrity meet-up I ever had. In my Freshman year at University of Chicago in 1977-78, the FIRST major demonstration I ever attended was when UC gave some “humanitarian” Award to frigging Robert McNamara for peace!! Gag me with an oar!! We had a good crowd protesting, maybe 2,000. I met Ron Kovic, in his wheelchair, the subject of the film “Born on the 4th of July” played by Tom Cruz, shook his hand and thanked him for his pro-peace service.
The demonstration was covered by Time magazine at the time. It ended prematurely due to a co-worker of mine, who provoked massive Cop Violence and an attack on us all. So I worked at a Jewish Deli at the time, which no longer exists, “The Flying Lox Box,” on Chicago’s South Side. I had a co-worker who was an Anarchist (like me, actually, but in different factions). He went by a single first name, “Horace.” I got easily hired by the owner because I had a “German Jewish” last name, I look like a member of the Tribe. My compadre had a rhubarb pie from the Deli. He threw it in the face of the Head Piggy, I saw it from 30 feet away, because it was red, the piggy’s face looked like it was bloodied!! These were Mayor Daley’s Gestapo, mind you. The pigs went wild, clubbing the students and faculty and locals present, I got outta there not beaten ASAP.
Clonal Antibody
This can be clearly seen in Iran oil export figures here
https://sonar21.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-40-780×390.png
Purple Library Guy
Saw a piece by Krugman a day or two ago, about the price of oil and where it is headed. His point was, the supply of oil through the strait has dried up, but actual use of oil has NOT decreased by the same amount as that supply reduction. So far the world is getting through by drawing down various reserves and by using the oil that was for a while still wending its way to its destination from before the war started. And because of this, the price of crude has not yet gone all that high–speculators are mostly still betting that it will all be over soonish and things will go back to normal.
But both of those have limits, which we will be arriving at soon. At that point the world will be up against the basic brute fact that there are too few barrels of oil to buy compared to how many the world wants to be using, and the price will start to reflect not speculation, but the bidding war for those barrels. And the price will necessarily go up until about 11% of the would-be buyers are priced out of the market (and that 11% of the world finds itself without fuel). THAT is when the crisis created by blockade of the Strait of Hormuz will really bite, and the US tactic of double-blockading it will make that happen faster and more severely.
Iran can probably wait a little while to see what happens then.
different clue
I suspect even the hardline IranGov people know how to play chess. As some above have noted, Iran can get supplies over other routes than the Persian Gulf route. And China/Russia may see it in their interest to build enough emergency transport infrastructure into Iran from the North and over the Caspian to where Iran need not ever run out of food. If China/Russia had to give Iran “free food” to keep it able to resist and reject, they might see it in their own long term interest to do so, to keep the AmeriGov tied down in that area.
The longer the IranGov can keep the AmeriGov tied down there, and the longer Iran can keep the Strait closed, and keep Trump blockading the Strait, the more oil products will cost. Eventually the price to Trump’s loyal MAGAs in the field might overcome their loyalty to their God-Emperor Trump, and if that goes, then still higher prices might be high enough to overcome their basic Klanism and their basic antiliberalitic permanent-hatred posture. So it becomes in nonMAGA America’s interest for TrumpIran to keep the Strait closed AND blockaded long enough for MAGAmerica to be attrited, degraded, defeated and demoralized enough that MAGAmerica can no longer wage its Civil War of Cultural Aggression and Ethical Polution against nonMAGA America. If that means years of gas at $10.00/gallon, I will accept that as the price of destroying KlanMAGA Republican power and influence, as long as I actually GET the destruction of KlanMAGA’s Republican power and influence.
The KlanMAGA Republcanfederacy must NEver Ever rise again. NEver Ever.
As to President very-low-IQ poorly-educated stupid person Trashy Trump, he will never accept being seen to have not won. As several people have pointed out by now, a toxic narcissist can never admit that to itself or anyone else. So as long as Iran can keep not losing ( not re-opening the Strait), the Trump will keep blockading to demonstrate to itself and others that it is winning, will win and cannot lose. And the longer China/Russia can help Iran keep itself in the field, the longer TrumpIran can keep the Strait closed and blockaded. And China building new massive emergency transport infrastructure to Iran from the North is going beyond chess. It would be playing WeiQi , which China invented.
Mark Level
DanFmTo, I found a good, rather unbiased report here, as I do not present myself as an expert on Iran’s agriculture sector. You do make me wonder if all those mountains mean it has little arabale land for the size of its population? I do see they’re very dependent on imported wheat.
https://www.abhs.in/blog/us-hormuz-blockade-iran-food-imports-wheat-rice-bandar-abbas-april-2026
Are you a Zionist by any chance? Just asking. We have one on here, he is very smart on military matters, and cheered when UNRWA was entirely shut down in Gaza, over 100 food relief stations during an open genocide, and the idiot Spanish Celebrity Chef Jose Andres, close buddy of Uber-Zionist Antony Blinken, set up ONE food relief kitchen in Gaza, got his own people killed, one set at least, maybe another later. There were white people killed that time, 9 I think, and there was brief outrage in US Media, even the Arch-Rightwinger Morning Joe Scarborough feigned outrage, called on Israel to be cut off and sanctioned. (But a week later, he had nothing negative to say.) When I deplored Andres’ sacrifice of his employees’ life, the Zionist pretended in a post I had suddenly become “pro-Genocide”!! Lol
The article is imperfect, but see the first 2 paragraphs, attempts to starve people only BUILD support for the government, just as bombing the shit out of them does. I object to this dreck in particular:
“— if the Iranian government decides it needs to end the crisis faster than hardliners prefer, food disruption gives moderate factions political cover to accept compromise terms. That is the theory behind economic pressure in coercive diplomacy. Whether it works in this case depends entirely on whether Iranian moderates have enough political weight to push back against IRGC hardliners.” When you are on the plate for extermination, rarely to people go to “moderates” who say let’s just lie down and die quietly.
Are you hoping for the extermination of the Iranians? You don’t post on here often, just asking.
Ian Welsh
Dan’s a good guy, has been an author here and is definitely not a Zionist: exactly the opposite. He’s just concerned Iran might have a weakness that would allow America to win, which he doesn’t want. Maybe he’s wrong, I hope so, but he’s not operating in bad faith.
Mark Level
Thank you to Ian for the clarification and of course I apologize to Dan for my erroneus take, I try to stay “on the level” as a Former Mason, be level-headed (& not fly off the handle, never good) and I support Leveling society as the long-ago British Revolutionaries advocated, & Peter Coyote and San Francisco agitators were aiming at c. 1968-70s, (before my time, sadly or not, 9 years old.)
I thank Lie and Suborn for a good laugh again today, he always makes me snicker with his insane Russophobic vain wishes for Red extermination. Trump is not working in concert with Putin, and never was, just watched a Duran episode earlier this morning, the Russians are just playing Trump for time to finish off your favorite little N@zi cos-playing, Cocaine Comedian with a Begging Bowl and his Fascist Muscle, Azov. Few bodies left in Ukraine, and lots of pricey drones from the Euro-lemmings as their own economies go off a cliff due to the “Blockade.” They are suicidal without the ideation, or idealism either for that matter. Even that shameless liar Maddow has dropped “Russiagate,” which was actually about Zionist control, they got Donnie into power twice. The Russians originally wanted the ShrillBot, like the Chinese they prefer “stability” and predictable enemies.
The Duran today ably noted that Putin is losing credibility among the public as he is now perceived as too weak for dragging the war out and not bringing it to a hasty end. If Putin is sidelined, the Russians will be far less restrained. (I was pleasantly surprised that in a recent post by Ian, when he pointed out that Putin didn’t run his war as a genocide against civilians, killed something like 1% of the civilians the Zionist Entity and U$A Epstein Class do, LAS did not froth at the mouth in rebutting that. But as the Old Testament reminds us, a Fool returns to a Folly like a dog to its own vomit, so LAS is back to Factory Settings Kill Russians mode again.
Mark Level
Forgot to close my parenthesis on the riposte to risible LAS, and it’s been so busy here today that I neglected to mention the Duran episode which I haven’t even finished, “The Show Must Go On.” They pointed out that the US continues to provide targeting data, etc. to the Ukrainian Dead-Enders (soon to be literally so, though the Fascist crooks will escape to the Villas with their looted booty.) Not so many missiles to share, cupboard is bare, however. It’s worth watching because it is actually sensible and level-headed. Great dispute between Alexander, who thinks Putin isn’t doing that badly, and young Alex who thinks Vlad looks like a wimp. They both agree the 1-day holiday Cease Fire possibly coming up is not meaningful, the Ukros will violate it immediately, the tiny Tin Soldier Zelensky promised to bring about “Big Israel” in the area some years back, Ukraine as a fascist, Slav-killing coke-binge fantasy. He’s a little man, and like Trump (reportedly little in one special body area) he dreams of extravegant glories that he cannot achieve. Trump’s looking for one more scintilla of support for his future (Never) Nobel Piss Prize. But then again, he could’ve sanded the name of Marina Corrina Machado off the one he got for her, and she “regifted” to him, put his own imprimatur on it.
DanFmTo
Mark,
No harm done. Plenty of bad faith “just asking questions” people, but it is as Ian says, I did some elementary research on the food question and it looked like a bigger weakness than overfull oil tanks and having to shut-in wells. No society is more than 3 missed meals from revolution, as the saying goes.
The point about Pakistan is hopeful, though I remain concerned enough can be moved by road/rail if the system is premised on cargo ships arriving at Bandar Abbas. Still, every bit counts, Iran doesn’t have be able to endure forever, just longer than the US can take it.
Thermobarbaric
A brief search on Google says that the rail corridor between China and Iran has an annual capacity of 15,000,000 tons of freight.
Another search on the Caspian Sea trade routes indicates:
1) the depth of the Caspian sea is around 200m in it’s shallowest parts and about 1000m at its deepest; I don’t think that’s an issue at all.
2) there’s plenty of existing and future capacity for seaborne freight in the Caspian between Iran and Russia who are both littoral states who use 5000-7000 ton cargo vessels called “ro-ros” (roll the cargo on and then roll it off).
This route which cannot be interfered or blockaded via an outside force is also being currently expanded by Iran and Russia as part of the INSTC (International North South Transport Corridor) project. This INSTC will be a critical part of the land based internal trade route systems that have been and are being built by Russia, China and Iran to finesse the USA’s naval power.
3) Pakistan already announced a few days back that it would allow like 6 land based supply corridors over their borders into Iran to help the latter bypass the USN naval blockade.
I suspect, like the Russians who used the multi-decade sanctions regime to set up a massive import substitution program, Iran will use this blockade as an opportunity to maximise it’s own internal agricultural sector and allow the country try to become as fully self-sufficient as possible.
Feral Finster
Russians are all in favor of the war, as long as they are not too personally inconvenienced. The Russians and their leadership also very much worry that thew West will look down on them.
Nobody cares what Ukrainians think or like or want, the West will back them to the hilt, regardless how Nazi their methods.
StewartM
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In the meantime, America’s Navy has been to reduced to piracy. They should change their garb and start wearing eye patches and bandanas on their heads versus the yarmulkes and start imbibing copious amounts of Rum and ejaculating “arr, me heaties” in a drunken stupor all the live long day.
Well, Hegseth’s doing his part at that. /s
different clue
. . . ” They should change their garb and start wearing eye patches and bandanas on their heads versus the yarmulkes” . . .
Yarmulkes? Really? Do American navy crewfolk wear yarmulkes? Are there photographs of that? Any photographs which can be linked to?
Carborundum
Iran’s average annual wheat imports over the past 5 years are about three times its total 2025 international freight rail loadings (I.e., all goods), which were a record high.